Standardized Testing Is Not Be Completely Honest, I Do Not...

Standardize Testing Being completely honest, I do not know much about standardized test. I remember having to take them as a student in elementary and junior high. I knew that I would not be receiving a letter grade on these tests. I remember never stressing about taking the test. To be honest if I did not understand the question I was the kid that just made a design on the answer sheet. I absolutely was not aware of the reasoning or purpose of tests. As a parent, I see my kids stress out about taking the standardize test. As a parent this concerns me. I don t know about you, I don t want my kiddo stressing out about a standardize test. I need to know about these test. How did they come about, what is the purpose, does standardize test benefit students, teachers or schools and are they truly beneficial to my child s education. Standardize test is a result from that No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). The NCLB became a law in 2002 by President George W. Bush. The reason for NCLB was a growing concern that the American education system was no longer internationally competitive ­Ã‚ ­ - significantly increased the federal role in holding schools responsible for the academic progress of all students. (Klein, 2015). NCLB purpose is to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and state academic assessments. This purposeShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing Is Not Be Completely Honest I Do Not Know About Standardized Test1151 Words   |  5 PagesStandardize Testing Being completely honest I do not know much about standardized test. I remember having to take them as a student in elementary and junior high. I knew that I would not be receiving a letter grade on these test. I remember never stressing about taking the test. To be honest if I did not understand the question I was the kid that just made a design on the answer sheet. I absolutely was not aware of the reasoning or purpose of test. As a parent, I see my kids stress out about takingRead MoreCode Of Ethics Is Absolutely Essential For Every Education Major1297 Words   |  6 Pagescode is labeled Standard 1: Legal Compliance. This code states that an educator must abide by state, federal, and local laws and includes but is not limited to the conviction of a felony, crimes involving moral turpitude; including anything having to do with the sale or possession of drugs, and sexual crimes such as trafficking or assault. If educators fail to follow the law, they are at risk of losing their certificate and will most likely have to be proven guilty or not guilty in order to determineRead MoreEssay on Feasability of Self-Assessment in ESL Classrooms3368 Words   |  14 Pagescomponents of the education. Traditional exams and tests are mostly based on materials taught in the course to meet predetermined objectives. They cannot assess whether or not learners can apply it. To truly understand some new ideas, students need to apply it. My experience as an English teacher provides some ideas to frame my discussion of assessment. Although many teachers think that the scores of the exams and the tests are objective and cannot be wrong, I think that these scores are uncertain they needRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )2303 Words   |  10 Pagesa relatively vague illness, and this sort of variance is frightening. Without any stability in these areas, the impression of ADHD becomes more and more unclear. As someone who has been diagnosed with ADHD, yet does not feel affected by the illness; I believe clarifying the mystery that is ADHD is enormously important and both the public perception and academic research play a role in this. From the beginning of each article, the differences in genres stick out. For the popular articles, the titlesRead MoreToo Far Ahead of the It6117 Words   |  25 Pagesconsensus about Peachtree Healthcare’s long-term aims and how best to achieve them. Paul—like other board members and some in Max’s management inner circle—was applying constant pressure on Max to follow the example of others in the health care industry: Push ahead on standards and on the systems and processes to support them. â€Å"You’ve got all the hospitals doing things differently. You’ve got incompatible technology that’s held together by sweat and ingenuity and, possibly, prayer. Just do what otherRead MoreToyota - a Brief History10847 Words   |  44 PagesToyota and Why It Is So Successful The History of Toyota For organizational convenience I will discuss Toyota history as follows: †¢ The start †¢ The 1940s †¢ The 1950s †¢ Etc. The start. The Toyota Motor Corp. (TMC) had its beginning in 1933 when it was established as a division within the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. The founder of Toyota was Kiichiro Toyoda (1894–1952), the son of Sakichi Toyoda (1867–1930). The values that have underpinned Toyota success startedwith Sakichi who was the sonRead MoreGrading System Rationale6250 Words   |  25 Pageseducators than those associated with grading and reporting student learning. Despite the many debates and multitudes of studies, however, prescriptions for best practice remain elusive. Although teachers generally try to develop grading policies that are honest and fair, strong evidence shows that their practices vary widely, even among those who teach at the same grade level within the same school. In essence, grading is an exercise in professional judgment on the part of teachers. It involves the collectionRead MoreA Concise Guide to Market Research Using Spss71933 Words   |  288 Pagesnoses, 7% to clean mirrors, 3% to clean children’s faces and hands, and 8% use it to remove make-up. Further research led Procter Gamble to believe that the optimal tissue color is blue/yellow and that the package needed to be cubic. Advertising tests showed that the Charmin bear worked well, giving the product an emotional appeal. In the end, Procter Gamble launched Charmin successfully in an already saturated market. In order to gain useful consumer insights, which allowed the company to optimizeRead MoreEmployee Retention Techniques in Wipro9775 Words   |  40 Pages ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to all those who helped me in the completion of this study. This work is the result of direct and indirect cooperation of various persons to whom, I wish to express my gratitude. It is my proud prerogative to place on record my sincere thanks to I am highly indebted to my faculty guide Mr. GAURAV GUPTA who despite his busy schedule , took out time and helped me with his valuable inputs form time to time . I am highly indebtedRead MoreThe reddit study guide9469 Words   |  38 Pages---------------------------------------------------------------- Good students: How do you go about getting good grades? [Serious]  (self.AskReddit) submitted  1 day ago  *  by  irollon ---------------------------------------------------------------- 18 July 14, Friday Asked by irollon Collated by Salticido Exported to Word by SailboatoMD Contents # Topic Contributor Page Remarks 1 GOAT ME Salticido 2 + Summary 2 Study/Test Environment lshdevanarchist 7 3 Feel the Teacher Hawkian

Brave New World Exploration And Extension - 1347 Words

Danielle Newman Camille Hensley Coach Hansen British Literature August 7, 2015 Brave New World Exploration and Extension Aldous Huxley was born in Surrey, England on July 26, 1894. He came from a family already intertwined with a love of writing and philosophy. His grandfather was already credited with introducing Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution to the public. Huxley’s mother was the niece of Matthew Arnold, a poet who focused on commonly debated moral themes in his works. Needless to say, Huxley’s family inspired him to write on these topics and had a significant impact on his dreams, opinions, and imagination. A major part of Huxley’s education were visits to Lady Ottoline Morell’s meetings, attended by several famous political figures, artists, scientists. Here he met some of the 19th century’s most impactful literary figures, which also influenced his writings. As for cultural legacy, Huxley was very respected during the time he was alive and after he passed, and he was known as a â€Å"new-age† thinker . With a total of 47 books written, Hux ley was well known by many and changed the way people looked at the world around them. Unfortunately, he died on the same day as the assassination of John F. Kennedy, so the event was overlooked. The Model-T in Brave New World is an allusion to the first American car model. Many of the ideas in the book are based off of the formation of new technology. The Model-T was was a significant part in the technology industry and helpedShow MoreRelatedThe Island Of Dr. Moreau, Wells And Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1492 Words   |  6 Pageslaws holds the danger to eliminate individuality and ultimately requires humans to assimilate to a new standard without error and within the bounds of scientific advancement. In H.G. Wells’ novel The Island of Dr. Moreau, Wells argues the influence technology has on human nature and the power it holds when conducted without law. Similarly, Aldous Huxley presents a dystopia in his novel Brave New World, which is intended to be conceived as paradise —under the grounds that each citizen is guaranteedRead MoreOn First Looking Into Chapmans Homer1449 Words   |  6 Pagesnight reading Homer with a friend. The poem expresses the intensi ty of Keatss experience; it also reveals how passionately he cared about poetry. To communicate how profoundly the revelation of Homers genius affected him, Keats uses imagery of exploration and discovery. In a sense, the reading experience itself becomes a Homeric voyage, both for the poet and the reader. Written in October 1816, this is the first entirely successful (surviving) poem he wrote. John Middleton Murry called it oneRead MoreStar Spangled Banner1373 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica has many â€Å"races† with other nations in various fields such as technology and science. America receives much respect in the field of technology through the marvelous efforts of industrialists, such as Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford, and space exploration organizations, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Also, America receives immense recognition for advancements in the scientific field through the strenuous works of preeminent geniuses such as Benjamin Franklin and AlbertRead MoreNeil Postmans Amusing Ourselves to Death: A Review1566 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance itself shapes those lives and, by extension, the surrounding world. The particular time in which this manuscript was published is immensely significant, since it occurred a year after 1984, which was also the title of an exceedingly dystopian novel by George Orwell. Postmans narrative alludes to similarities between the social perspective of people in 1985 and that depicted within Orwell and other dystopian novels (such as Aldus Huxleys Brave New World), to demonstrate what he views as theRead MoreFeminism in Frankenstein Essay examples1745 Words   |  7 Pageswoman as the maker of children†¦In Shelley’s view, man’s hubris as soul maker both usurps the place of God and attempts—vainly—to sublate woman’s physiological prerogative† (263). This interpretation of Frankenstein’s work suggests that in creating a new life, he has taken man’s power a step further by taking the one thing women could be proud to be able to do—childbearing—and turning it into something that was no longer unique to them. Unfortunately, an action as extraordinary as creating life backfiresRead More History of Internet Essay examples3466 Words   |  14 Pages Without a doubt, the Internet is undergoing a major transition as it experiences a tremendous influx of new users. Due to the anarchic, distributed nature of the net, we cannot even begin to enumerate the population of the Internet or its growth. As more of the worlds population moves on-line, new concerns will arise which did not confront the earlier generations. The new culture will demand different resources, services and technology than the old generations expected and used. Already we canRead MoreBrand Audit Examples10459 Words   |  42 Pagesupscale line extension Shantini Munthree and Geoff Bick University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa, and Russell Abratt Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Abstract Purpose – The objective of the paper is to provide an understanding of how large organisations develop line extensions of their brands and to present guidelines for management when considering an upscale line extension. Design/methodology/approachRead MoreMy Sons Story By Nadine Gordimer: Themes and issues in the novel (when private affairs become public)2306 Words   |  10 Pagesa vigorous, advanced capitalist society. To oppose the assumptions and everyday reality of a particular world, yet be among the men and women who enjoy its benefits - those accorded to the substantial upper bourgeoisie of, say, Johannesburg and Cape Town - is at the very least to know and live uneasily, maybe at times shamefacedly, with irony as a central aspect of ones introspective world. At what point is ones thoroughly comfortable, highly rewarded life as it is lived from year to year theRead MoreCharacter analysis of Territory by David Leavitt2930 Words   |  12 PagesThis also marked a more observable emotional detachment from her son, which inherently brought with it messages of her own internalized biases and lacking acceptance of the man that he had become. Her attention turned to the apparent support of this new cause, which she manifested by acquiring immediate membership to the Coalition of Parents of Lesbians and Gays, followed by an aggressively speedy rise to its presidency. However, her activities in this alleged support of his sexual identity wouldRead MoreOctavia Butler Essay3243 Words   |  13 Pagesyear 2000. 3. What were your educational preparations for a writing career? I graduated from Pasadena City College in 1968 (Pasadena, California is my hometown). Then I attended California State University, Los Angeles. I also took a few extension classes at UCLA. But the most valuable help I received with my writing came from two workshops. The first was the Open Door Program of the screenwriter’s Guild of America, West’ (1969-70). The second was Clarion Science Fiction Writers Workshop

The Day She Left Me Home Alone Free Essays

The day she left me home alone. Realizing when ones childhood is beginning to fade is not an event that can be targeted at an exact time in an individual’s life. Childhood begins to vanish differently for people based on culture, age, and life experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Day She Left Me Home Alone or any similar topic only for you Order Now My childhood started to end when I was 7 years old; the day she left me home alone. My mother had just become a single mother running from an abusive relationship with my father and had to begin life anew. My strong dependency on my mother and the illusion of being an only child, due to me being the youngest of several older brothers and sisters, made the thought of â€Å"growing up† a nightmare. Realization of my soon approaching adulthood became evident, as I had to face the difficulties of being distant from my mother, learning to connect socially with peers, taking on more self-responsibility, and the building of self-confidence. These trials and tribulations would help to lead me to a higher level of maturity and a true realization of life. Although what I endured forcefully was difficult, the most challenging would be my distancing from my mother the security that linked me to my youth. Severing the bond between a mother and child is a tough task at any given stage of life. This was especially difficult for my mother as I was her only girl and youngest child. Being a single mother and working two jobs created excessive hardship for my mother. Her constant struggle with taking me to her place of work left her with no other choice than to leave me at home. This was the first time that I had to truly cope with being away from her and it was an immense strain on my emotional state. My next challenge ensued when I had to begin spending time with my father. Several years after my parent’s separation my father later remarried became a new man, giving the judicial system the opinion that I should see my father more often. My pursuit into the new world known as my father’s house, otherwise known to me as â€Å"hell†, forced me to spend countless weekends and summers with my new family, my step siblings and step mother. This unfamiliar change was the cause of my strong desire to remain sheltered beneath my mother’s wing but instead nature would drive me towards a more self-reliant road. Be that as it may, I would not change overnight. I still struggled to be away from my mother when it came time for school. Most children struggle with the concept of going to school. Leaving ones comfort zone and journeying into a strange new territory is of great significance in an individual’s life. Most children learn to adapt with in the first year or so. I however, was the exception to the rule. Attending public education was an adjustment of epic proportions in my young life. I struggled with the issue for several years. Every year school started I wished to be expunged from existence. My problem was not with the other children; I worked well with others. Rather my issue was with the thought of being away from my mother. Although I got along smashingly with the other children, I did not converse very much. My close relationship with my mother led me to believe she and only she was someone I could truly convey my ideas with. I also did not speak with others because their tales of their lives at home seemed somewhat abnormal to me. Tales of brothers and sisters, close families and a home consisting of a mother and a father seemed unusual. Although I had brothers and sisters, we were distant. I knew of my father, but he and my mother did not live under the same roof. Another issue I had to face was my abnormal mother. What made her abnormal was the fact that she was a single, hard working mother. This indifference from my peers and societies opinions gave me the impression that I was an outcast. Eventually I would come to realize that I was not the only person in the world under such circumstances. Learning to open up to others caused me to realize that I wasn’t alone. Interacting with other children like myself helped me to be more social and gain greater connections with my peers. I then had the ability to deal with others, but still lacked in dealing with myself. Responsibility is an inherited trait. It is not cast upon an individual in one particular place or time. At certain stages of life, responsibility starts to become more important and has a greater affect on a person’s growth and development. From the time I could talk, my mom began teaching me the importance of responsibility. Nevertheless, my first true test came when I was left alone at home. While my mother was away, she entrusted me with the task of preparing my own food. Learning to cook for myself gave me more confidence and helped me to be less dependent on my mother. As my mother became aware of my newly responsible personality, she decided to entrust me with greater responsibilities. After moving, my mother did not want to switch me from the school I was attending so I remained there until the end of that school year. In the beginning, she rode the public bus and walked down the neighborhood to get me. After noticing that I could reside at home alone and care for myself my mother decided that I could handle walking down the neighborhood to meet her at the bus. Being with my peers was hard, dealing with my stepsiblings was an ordeal, and being at home alone was unimaginable. Nonetheless, the most unbearable of them all was walking alone; surrounded by strangers and an unfamiliar environment made me uneasy. Eventually, I came to realize that it was a part of life, part of being responsible and that I was growing up. It hit me like a ton of bricks. I was finally learning to deal with my several issues. The responsibilities laid upon me helped me to be more understanding of life and the ways of the world. My self-dependence began to grow as well as my self-confidence. Growing out of childhood and into adulthood does not instantly occur; many people experience several events that transpire before they reach adulthood. In spite of that, there are always significant moments that have to pin point the beginning of one’s journey. For me this consisted of being left to fend for myself at home, learning to adapt socially with individuals amongst me and beginning to deal with real life responsibilities. These several adversities strengthened my confidence, stability, and self-reliance, as well as my outlook on the world and others. My childhood and my attachment to my mother where far from severed relatively the experience had opened to door to a new path of life, helping me to grow further from my old mind frame. How to cite The Day She Left Me Home Alone, Essay examples

Fundamental and technical analysis of banking stocks free essay sample

Fundamental Technical Analysis of Banking stocks† is the systematic study of the performance of banking companies stock’s in stock market and future value of the share price with help of fundamental analysis and technical analysis. While decision in share price based on actual movement of shares price measured more in money percentage term nothing else. In the Analysis, calculations are based on FACTS not on HOPE. The subject of Analysis is to determine future share price movement with the help of RATIO ANALYSIS, STUDY OF GRAPH. This analysis does not discuss how to buy sell shares, but does discuss the methods, which enables the investor to arriving at buying selling decision. The Technical Approach to investment is essentially a reflection of the idea that prices moves in a trend that are determined by the changing attitude of investor’s toward a variety of economic, monetary, political and psychological forces. Theart of technical analysis, for it is an art, is to identify a trend reversal at a relatively early stage and ride on that trend until the weight of the evidence shows or proves the trend has reversed. And the Technical analysis states that the support and resistance is enough for price prediction untill the new high or low occurs. OBJECTIVE It was good opportunity to familiarize myself with the stock market i. e. the capital market their co-relation with economical environment through â€Å"Fundamental and Technical analysis of BANK NIFTY Stocks. † The analysis of banking stock gives me the opportunity to understand thoroughly this behavioural pattern’s of different stocks in industry overall capital market. The main objective of the project research is as follows. 1. To Study the Analysis and obtain the knowledge of stock market and banking industry. 2. To Study the present behaviour predicting the future behaviour of bank stocks in Capital market. 3. To perform Technical analysis based on charts using support and resistance. 4. To compare other banking stock with Bank Nifty Index. To analyze the performance of company’s through Balance Sheet Technical graph for particular shares. SCOPE The fundamental technical analysis of banking stocks ? Study on the economical, industrial and company analysis for the project. ? Selecting the sample from the available banking stock. ? Evaluating each bank and its stock in the market. ? Analysing each bank fundamentally and interpretation. ? Technical analysis for its share traded in NSE and BSE. ? Comparison of stock with Bank nifty. ? Interpretation and concluding. RESEARCH METHODLOGY During my project, I collected data through various sources primary secondary. Primary source includes:- 1) Discussion with branch manager 2) Discussion with experts 3) Questionnaires for investors 4) Live trading in the market Secondary source includes:- 1) Various books related to stock market 2) Books and journals related to Banks. 3) Web sites were used as the vital information source. Reliance Money felt need of evaluating the price patterns of leading scripts mainly from the five main blue chip companies and also interested in determining the trends along with price performance in near future. This equity analysis will facilitate to investor for profitable investment. Sampling technique The sample is taken from the population of 89 schedule bank where the information available in hand and most of the stocks are selected from the bank nifty, the sample size is 5 such as 1. State Bank Of India 2. Hdfc Bank 3. Panjab National Bank 4. Yes Bank Sample selection methods Sample is taken based on public and private sector bank mix. Large cap mid cap and mix. This sample will give the clear picture of the bank nifty. HDFC SECURITIES LTD. Company’s Mission â€Å"To create reputation synonymous with quality, competitiveness, fairness and transparency dealings and be a responsible corporate citizen†. We are one of the leading stock broking companies in India and a subsidiary of HDFC Bank- a renowned private sector bank. As a stock broking company, we have completed 10 years of operation serving a diverse customer base of retail and institutional investors. There are millions of reasons why you can choose our services and here are a few of them: Your Interest is Our Priority Your financial needs and interests are our priority. We simplify investing for you and provide 360-degree view on financial planning that suit your future goals and needs. One Stop Shop for Your Investments We offer a suite of products and services across various asset classes such as equity, gold, debt and real estate. Be it stocks, derivatives, mutual fund, fixed deposits, NCDs, insurance, bonds, currency derivatives or PMS, we have a product that suits each of your investment needs. Multiple Platforms Seamless Trading You can trade with us via online, mobile, telephone or any of our branches. These multiple platforms make your trading experience highly convenient and hassle-free. You can even place an order for IPO / NCD applications though your trading account online or through our 24 Hour Customer Care Number. Similarly, there is no need to issue cheques or delivery instructions. Through our 4-in-1 Advantage account, you can seamlessly move funds and securities within savings, demat and trading account. Our web portal is based on Web 2. 0 technology and our state-of-the art technology enables seamless trading experience on both the exchanges BSE and NSE. Our mobile trading application is compatible to all smart phones such as smart phones such as Blackberry, Android, Windows, Java and iPhone. Once you activate mobile trading on your smart phone, you can place order in Equities Derivatives and get Stock Quotes on the move. You can even create Multiple Personalized Market watch and track the stocks and other asset classes such as gold, bonds etc the way you want. Timely and Relevant Information We offer the right news and views that impacts your money. Our views are backed by extensive research. We believe in empowering you with accurate and unbiased research so that you make an informed investment decision. Tracking your Portfolio Just investing money is not enough, you have to monitor your portfolio to ensure you money works as hard as you to build a robust financial portfolio. You can use our portfolio tracker to monitor your entire financial portfolio, which encompasses various asset classes. You can also make a watchlist of stocks and enrol for SMS alerts, which will help you track the markets closer to make a timely investment decision. Transparency We empower you to take the right decisions and handle your own portfolio. Backed by our trusted pedigree, it is our constant endeavour to provide services in a transparent manner. We believe in offering high quality investment services in a cost effective manner to achieve your financial goals. Our Background We are a subsidiary of HDFC Bank – a renowned private sector bank of India. With a decade of experience in trading and a rating of A1+1, we have a proven pedigree in the financial services industry. Our Reach We cater to your investment needs through our 190 plus branches. If you are pressed for time, you can even get your investment and service relate queries answered through our 24-Hour Customer Care. Our call centre facility also offers services in 7 regional languages. Business Objectives The primary objective of HDFC is to enhance residential housing stock in the country through the provision of housing finance in a systematic and professional manner, and to promote home ownership. Another objective is to increase the flow of resources to the housing sector by integrating the housing finance sector with the overall domestic financial markets. Organizational Goals HDFC’s main goals are to a) develop close relationships with individuals, b) maintain its position as the premier housing finance institution in the country, c) transform ideas into viable and creative solutions, d) provide consistently high returns to shareholders, and e) to grow through diversification by leveraging off the existing client base. Their housing needs. HDFC was promoted with an initial share capital of Rs. 100 million. HDFC Securities, A trusted financial service provider promoted by HDFC Bank and JP Morgan Partners and their associates, is a leading stock broking company in the country, serving a diverse customer base of institutional and retail investors. HDFCsec. com provides investors a robust platform to trade in Equities in NSE and BSE, and derivatives in NSE. Our website will support you with the highest standards of service,convenienceand hassle-free trading tools. Our research team tracks the economy, industries and companies to provide you the latest information and analysis. Our content offers financial information, analysis, investment guidance, news views, and is designed to meet the requirements of everyone from a beginner to a savvy and well-informed trader. HDFC GROUP HDFC Ltd HDFC Bank HDFC Financial Service HDFC Life HDFC ERGO HDFC AMC SHARE HOLDINGS FOR HDFC SECURITIES KEY PEOPLE IN THE ORGANIZATION INTRODUCTION TO CAPITAL MARKETS Financial System The financial system of every economy consists of various constituents such as 1Financial Institutions 2Financial Companies 3Financial Markets 4Financial Instruments 5Financial Services 6Financial regulations The financial market in India comprised of capital market and money market whereas the financial system of the country comprised of institutions, which operate the financial markets and the financial instruments with which the financial system is put into operation. Tax anomy of financial markets can be understood on functional, sectoral and institutional basis. On a functional basis we can divide financial markets into 1Money market (short term) 2Capital market (long term) The institutional classification can be made into 1 Organized financial market 2 Non-Organized financial market Capital Market Scenario The stock market in India dates back to the 18th century when the East India Company was ruling the roost in the country and was perhaps the most dominant and powerful institution and its securities were traded. The securities trading were done in an unorganized form at Bombay and Calcutta in early 19th century. The decade of 90’s has witnessed several changes in reformation of capital market. Automation, transparency,. Strict surveillance, depository system, on line trading, investor’s protection, new rules and regulations, etc. are some of the activities which only reflect the growth of Indian capital market. By any reckoning Indian corporate sector has grown very significantly in the last couple of decades whether to look at it in terms of public and private limited companies, their share capitalization, their sales turnover or their contribution to capital formation with this came the legislation of SEBI to act as a regulatory body to protect investors What is Capital Market? A Capital Market deals in financial assets, excluding coins and currency. The financial assets comprise of banking accounts, pension funds, provident fund, mutual fund, insurance policy, shares, debentures, and other securities. If the stock exchanges are well regulated and function smoothly, then it is an indication of healthy capital market. Stock exchange provide a good leverage of the capital market and their relationship is directly proportional. India has multi-stock exchange system with 24 stock exchanges functioning across the country. In our country, capital markets are generally also known as security/stock market. The Indian capital market currently provides excellent investment opportunities to domestic and foreign investors in both equity and fixed income Segments. The Indian Capital Markets can be broadly classified into three types of markets. 1Money market 2Primary market 3Secondary market Money market The money market is part of overall financial system and securities or capital market. It deals in short term financial assets whish can be readily converted into cash. Money market is a place for trading in money and short tern financial assets that are as liquid as money. It provides a platform for short term surplus funds of lenders or investors and short term requirements of borrowers, the instruments can be traded at low cost and are highly liquid. Primary market Primary market is generally referred to the market of issues or market for new mobilization of resources by the companies and the government undertakings, for new projects as also for expansion, modernization, addition, and diversification and up gradation. Primary market operations include new issues of shares by new and existing companies, further and right issues to existing share holders, public offers, and issue of debt instruments such as debentures, bonds, etc. Raising money from capital market is cheap for the company and involves a low servicing cost. The investors benefit by way of dividend and or capital appreciation. The following are the market intermediaries associated with the primary market 1 Merchant banker/book building lead manager 2 Registrar and transfer agent Underwriter/broker to the issue 4Advisor to the issue 5Banker to the issue 6Depository 7. Depository participant Defects in Indian Primary Market 1. Aggressive pricing and over pricing. 2. Price rigging before and during issues. 3. Poor, wrong and vague disclosures in offer documents. 4. Poor information accessibility. 5. Misleading projections subject to vague assumptions. 6. Delay in penal actions against the erring market intermediaries. 7. SEBI not assuming any responsibility for disclosure/offer documents. 8. Bunching of issues. 9. Existence of grey or unofficial market. 10. Lack of transparency 11. Uninformed and uneducated investors. Delay in listing and trading permission. The Secondary Market The secondary market is the market where scrips are traded. It is a market place, which provides liquidity to the scrips issued in the primary market. Thus, the growth of secondary market is dependent upon primary market. More the number of companies entering the primary market, the greater is the volume at the secondary market. Trading activities in the secondary market are done through recognized exchanges, which are 24 in number including Over the Counter Exchange of India, National Stock Exchange of India, and Inter-connected Stock Exchange of India. Secondary market operations involves buying and selling of securities on the stock exchange through its members. The following intermediaries are involved in the secondary marker. 1Broker/member of Stock Exchange- buyer broker and selling broker 2Portfolio manager 3Investment advisor 4Share transfer agent 5Depository 6Depository participant. WORKING OF A BROKING FIRM Stock Broker According to SEBI Stock Broker is a member of a recognized stock exchange(s) and is engaged in buying, selling and dealing in securities. In other words broker is an intermediary who arranges to buy and sell securities on behalf of clients i. e. the buyer and the seller. A broker can deal in securities only after getting registered with SEBI. through stock exchanges. The constitution of a broking firm may be a Proprietary Concern, a Partnership firm or a Corporate. Dematerialization and Rematerialization Dematerialization It is the process in which the physical form of holding securities is replaced with electronic (book-entry) form of holding. The securities held in dematerialized form are fungible. They do not bear any distinguishable features like distinctive number, certificate number. Once the shares are dematerialized they lose their identification feature in terms of share certificate distinctive number and folio numbers. Each security is identified in the depository system by ISIN (International Securities) Identification number) this is a convenient method for preventing all the problems that occur with physical securities through dematerialization. Pre-requisites for dematerialization request 1. The registered holder of the securities should make the request 2. The request should be made in the prescribed dematerialization request form 3. Securities to be dematerialized must be recognized by a Depository as eligible. In other words only those securities whose ISIN has been activated by a Depository, can be dematerialized. 4 . The company/issuer should have established connectivity with any Depository like NSDL, CDSL, Stock Holding Corporation ltd, only after this connectivity is established that the securities of the company/issuer are recognized to be â€Å"available for dematerialization† 5. The holder of securities should have a beneficiary account in the same name as it appears on the security certificates to be dematerialized INTRODUCTION BANK NIFTY Bank nifty is calculated on the basis of liquidity of stock and on the basis of market capailization. it is calculated by free flot method. Bank Nifty consists of a list of 12 Banking stocks which are part of Bank Nifty. Bank Nifty is the second most popular index on National Stock Exchange of India after Nifty. CNX Bank Index is popularly known as Bank Index. Stocks weightage in bank nifty is determined based on their free float market cap outstanding. Bank Nifty index stocks are selected from banking stocks which are traded on National Stock Exchange of India, which are highly liquid and large capitalized. These banks consistent of 12 banks both public sector banks and private sector banks. Bank Nifty Index provides investors a bench mark of banking stocks performance in Indian capital markets. CNX Bank Index (Bank Nifty) value is calculated on free float market capitalization method. Base date of calculation of Bank Nifty is January 01, 2000 and the starting index value of bank nifty is 1000. Bank Nifty is now highly represented in total market movement. After 2008-09, weight age of bank stocks started to increase even in nifty replacing earlier dominant Information Technology Stocks. Facts about market representation of Bank Nifty The CNX Bank Index represent about 15. 89%of the free float market capitalization of the stocks listed on NSE and 89. 06% of the free float market capitalization of the stocks forming part of the Banking sector universe as on June 28, 2013. The total traded value for the last six months ending June 2013 of all the Index constituents is approximately 15. 55% of the traded value of all stocks on the NSE and 84. 49% of the traded value of the stocks forming part of the Banking sector universe. source : National Stock Exchange of India To be included in the bank index, a stock should be a banking stock with a free float market capitalization company turnover of top 500 stocks. It should also have a trading frequency of atleast 90%. Such Banking stock should also have positive net worth. Bank Index is rebalanced with changes, if any twice a year. The dates of re balancing are 31 January and 31 July . A six week prior notice is given to market if any changes are effected during such semi-annual bank nifty re-balancing reviews. Weightage of bank nifty stocks picture Name Market Cap(cr) Net Profit (cr) EPS P/E ratio Book Value Devidend payout ratio Axis Bank Ltd 50,781. 33 5,179. 43 120. 92 8. 97 151. 39 0. 1488587 Bank of Baroda 25,748. 38 4,480. 72 103. 58 5. 88 756. 64 0. 2075691 Bank of India 12,505. 57 2,749. 35 52. 73 3. 98 400. 88 0. 1896453 Canara Bank 10,496. 89 2,872. 10 64. 42 3. 68 561. 58 0. 1707544 HDFC Bank Ltd 153,624. 36 6,726. 28 31. 66 20. 29 151. 39 4. 3430195 ICICI Bank Ltd 117,831. 00 8,325. 47 79. 51 12. 85 578. 21 0. 2515406 IDBI Bank Ltd 8,449. 78 1,360. 72 14. 82 5. 74 137. 47 0. 0236167 Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd 55,092. 05 1,360. 72 20. 2 35. 45 123 0. 1386138 Yes Bank 12,411. 28 1,300. 68 40. 95 8. 41 161. 14 0. 146501 Punjab National Bank 18,263. 97 4,747. 67 119. 31 4. 33 924. 45 0. 2263012 State Bank of India 118,881. 68 14,104. 98 179.. 98 9. 67 1445. 6 0. 23058117 Union Bank of India 7,119. 75 2,157. 93 31. 17 3. 83 287. 96 0. 256657 FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS Fundamental analysis of a business involves analyzing its financial statements and health, its management and competitive advantages, and its competitors and markets. When applied to futures and forex, it focuses on the overall state of the economy, and considers factors including interest rates, production, earnings, employment, GDP, housing, manufacturing and management. When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can use; bottom up analysis and top down analysis. [1] The term is used to distinguish such analysis from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis is performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are several possible objectives: to conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price evolution, to make a projection on its business performance, to evaluate its management and make internal business decisions, to calculate its credit risk. Two analytical models When the objective of the analysis is to determine what stock to buy and at what price, there are two basic methodologies 1. Fundamental analysis maintains that markets may misprice a security in the short run but that the correct price will eventually be reached. Profits can be made by purchasing the mispriced security and then waiting for the market to recognize its mistake and reprice the security. 2. Technical analysis maintains that all information is reflected already in the stock price. Trends are your friend and sentiment changes predate and predict trend changes. Investors emotional responses to price movements lead to recognizable price chart patterns. Technical analysis does not care what the value of a stock is. Their price predictions are only extrapolations from historical price patterns. Investors can use any or all of these different but somewhat complementary methods for stock picking. For example many fundamental investors use technicals for deciding entry and exit points. Many technical investors use fundamentals to limit their universe of possible stock to good companies. Fundamental analysis includes: 1. Economic analysis 2. Industry analysis 3. Company analysis The analysis of a business health starts with financial statement analysis that includes ratios. It looks at dividends paid, operating cash flow, new equity issues and capital financing. The earnings estimates and growth rate projections published widely by Thomson Reuters and others can be considered either fundamental (they are facts) or technical (they are investor sentiment) based on your perception of their validity. The fundamental analysis consist of financial ratios to gauge the company’s over all performance. 1. Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio Price/Earnings or P/E ratio is the ratio of a companys share price to its earnings per share. It tells whether the share price of a company is fairly valued, undervalued or overvalued. Formula P/E Ratio = Current Share Price Earnings per Share Leading and Trailing P/E Ratio If the EPS is the figure for the current period the P/E ratio is called trailing P/E ratio. For better analysis the EPS should be the one expected to prevail in the next reporting period, say next year. P/E ratio calculated based on expected P/E ratio is called leading P/E and is a more meaningful estimate of the companys justified P/E ratio. Analysis For financial analysis justified P/E ratio is calculated using dividend discount method. P/E Ratio = Expected Payout Ratio Required Rate of Return ? Dividend Growth Rate If the justified P/E calculated using dividend discount analysis is higher than the current P/E ratio the share is undervalued and should be purchased. If the justified P/E is lower than P/E ratio the share is overvalued and should be sold. 2. Dividend Payout Ratio Dividend payout ratio is the ratio of dividend per share divided by earnings per share. It is a measure of how much earnings a company is paying out to its shareholders as compared to how much it is retaining for reinvestment. Formula Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividend per Share Earnings per Share Dividend payout ratio can also be calculated as total dividends divided by net income. 3. Return On Equity (ROE) Ratio Return on equity or return on capital is the ratio of net income of a business during a year to its stockholders equity during that year. It is a measure of profitability of stockholders investments. It shows net income as percentage of shareholder equity. Formula The formula to calculate return on equity is: ROE = Annual Net Income Average Stockholders Equity Net income is the after tax income whereas average shareholders equity is calculated by dividing the sum of shareholders equity at the beginning and at the end of the year by 2. The net income figure is obtained from income statement and the shareholders equity is found on balance sheet. You will need year ending balance sheets of two consecutive financial years to find average shareholders equity. Analysis Return on equity is an important measure of the profitability of a company. Higher values are generally favorable meaning that the company is efficient in generating income on new investment. Investors should compare the ROE of different companies and also check the trend in ROE over time. However, relying solely on ROE for investment decisions is not safe. It can be artificially influenced by the management, for example, when debt financing is used to reduce share capital there will be an increase in ROE even if income remains constant. 4. Return On Assets (ROA) Ratio Return on assets is the ratio of annual net income to average total assets of a business during a financial year. It measures efficiency of the business in using its assets to generate net income. It is a profitability ratio. Formula The formula to calculate return on assets is: ROA = Annual Net Income Average Total Assets Net income is the after tax income. It can be found on income statement. Average total assets are calculated by dividing the sum of total assets at the beginning and at the end of the financial year by 2. Total assets at the beginning and at the end of the year can be obtained from year ending balance sheets of two consecutive financial years. Analysis Return on assets indicates the number of cents earned on each dollar of assets. Thus higher values of return on assets show that business is more profitable. This ratio should be only used to compare companies in the same industry. The reason for this is that companies in some industries are most asset-insensitive i. e. they need expensive plant and equipment to generate income compared to others. Their ROA will naturally be lower than the ROA of companies which are low asset-insensitive. An increasing trend of ROA indicates that the profitability of the company is improving. Conversely, a decreasing trend means that profitability is deteriorating. CAGR Compounded Annual Growth Rate. The YOY growth rate of an investment over a specified period of time. The compound annual growth rate is calculated by taking the nth root of the total percentage growth rate, where n is the number of years in the period being considered. This can be written as follows: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), also known as Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR), is a ratio of a banks capital to its risk. National regulators track a banks CAR to ensure that it can absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with statutory Capital requirements. Formula Capital adequacy ratios (CARs) are a measure of the amount of a banks core capital expressed as a percentage of its risk-weighted asset. Capital adequacy ratio is defined as: TIER 1 CAPITAL = (paid up capital + statutory reserves + disclosed free reserves) (equity investments in subsidiary + intangible assets + current b/f losses) TIER 2 CAPITAL = A) Undisclosed Reserves + B) General Loss reserves + C) hybrid debt capital instruments and subordinated debts where Risk can either be weighted assets () or the respective national regulators minimum total capital requirement. If using risk weighted assets, ? 10%. [1] The percent threshold varies from bank to bank (10% in this case, a common requirement for regulators conforming to the Basel Accords) is set by the national banking regulator of different countries. Two types of capital are measured: tier one capital ( above), which can absorb losses without a bank being required to cease trading, and tier two capital ( above), which can absorb losses in the event of a winding-up and so provides a lesser degree of protection to depositors. Capital adequacy ratio is the ratio which determines the banks capacity to meet the time liabilities and other risks such as credit risk, operational risk etc. In the most simple formulation, a banks capital is the cushion for potential losses, and protects the banks depositors and other lenders. Banking regulators in most countries define and monitor CAR to protect depositors, thereby maintaining confidence in the banking system. [1] CAR is similar to leverage; in the most basic formulation, it is comparable to the inverse of debt-to-equity leverage formulations (although CAR uses equity over assets instead of debt-to-equity; since assets are by definition equal to debt plus equity, a transformation is required). Unlike traditional leverage, however, CAR recognizes that assets can have different levels of risk. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS The methods used to analyze securities and make investment decisions fall into two very broad categories: Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis. Fundamental analysis involves analyzing the characteristics of a company in order to estimate its value. Technical analysis takes a completely different approach; it doesn’t care one bit about the â€Å"value† of a company or a commodity. Technicians (some time called chartists) are only interested in the price movement in the market. Despite all the fancy and exotic tools it employs, technical analysis really just studies supply and demand in a market in an attempt to determine what direction, or trend will continue in the future. In other words, technical analysis attemptsto understand the emotions in the market by studying the market itself, as opposed to its components. If you understand the benefits and limitation of technical analysis it can give you a new set of tools or skills than will enable you to better trader or investor. Definition: Technical analysis is a method of evaluating the securities by analyzing the statistics generated by themarket activity, such as past price and volume. In technical analysis, analyst use charts and othertools to identify patterns that can suggest future activity. Just as there are many investment styles on fundamental side, there is also much different type of technical traders. Some rely on chart patterns. In any case, technical analysts exclusive use of Assumptions: 1. The Market Discounts Everything A major criticism of technical analysis is that it only considers price movement, ignoring thefundamental factors of the company. However, technical analysisassumes that, at any given a time,a stocks price reflects everything that has or couldaffect the company- including Fundamental Factors. Technical analysts believe that the company’s fundamentals, along with broader economic factors and market psychology, are all priced into the stock, removing the need to actually consider these factors separately. This only leaves the analysis of price movement, which technical theory views as a product of supply and demand for a particular stock in the market. 2. Price Moves In Trends In technical analysis, price movements are believed to follow trends. This means that after a trend has been established, the future price movement is more likely to be in the same direction as the trend that to be against it. Most technical trading strategies are based on this assumption. 3. History Tends To Repeat Itself Another important idea in technical analysis is that history tends to repeat itself, mainly in terms o

Marginalization of Rural Migrant Workers in China

Background Information The issue of rural migrant worker is one of the most crucial concerns in the contemporary Chinese setting. Essentially, a rural migrant worker is an individual who is originally registered in the rural area, but has migrated to an urban area to work. The number of the rural migrant workers has attained alarming levels.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marginalization of Rural Migrant Workers in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, the number of the rural migrant workers has been seen to rise as shown in this table. Year Estimated Population of the Rural Migrant Workers 1989 30 Million 1993 60 Million 2006 120 Million 2010 158.63 Million 2012 163 Million Estimation to 2025 Additional 243 Million Table 1: The data on rural migrants’ population (Bosker 47) According to the above statistics, it is evident that the population of rural migrant workers is increasing rapidly. Between 1989 and 1993, the population doubled from 30 million to 60 million. This implies that the population increased at a rate of 100% within a period of five years. Although, the rate of increase between 1993 and 2006 decreased, the total number of the migrants was substantial. Understandably, the rapid increase and the expected projection in 2025, raises a question of whether China has distributed its opportunities and wealth evenly. This question is necessitated by the fact that the migration prevails due to search for employment. As such, this paper will discuss the issue of rural migrant workers, associated problems, and the policies that can be stipulated to solve those challenges. Problem Identified The rural migrant workers face social, environmental, and financial problems in china due to the conservative system. Indeed, the challenges faced by this section of the population are completely unacceptable. First, the employment areas set aside for th e rural migrant workers are inspired by discrimination.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, the residents from urban areas are absorbed in the manufacturing industry and distribution functions (Huang 98). On the other hand, the rural migrant workers are employed in the construction areas as well as the service provision entities. This implies that most of the rural migrant workers get casual employment which is both risky and temporary in nature. In addition, it is evident that this section of the working population is allocated physically-demanding jobs. In fact, some of the industries are known for the high risk they pose to the employees in the process of working. These industries include the textile companies, mining sites and garment manufacturing among others. From a critical perspective, these types of jobs indicate that the rural migrant workers go for the jobs that the local urban residents avoid. This is also an indication that the employers and the authorities absorb the local residents more readily as compared to the rural migrants. In addition to working in risky and physically demanding areas, the working conditions for the rural immigrants are also pathetic. Due to the fact that most of the rural migrant workers in China are illiterate, the level of employment mobility is very low. The lack of mobility emerges because they can only compete for the jobs with fewer technicalities. Whereas the lack of technical skills prevails, the employees have little understanding of their basic human rights and employment legalities. As such, their employees take advantage of their illiteracy to exploit them physically and financially. For example, some of the employers and contractors withhold the employees’ wages in order to delay the payment. This is used as a deliberate technique to prevent them from leaving the job and fightin g for their rights. In some cases, employers release a part of the salary and then release the remaining part when the year ends (Richardson 56). Extreme cases require employees to contribute some capital before employment. This ensures they will not move from the company easily or choose other jobs freely. While the employers are keen to withhold the salaries, they still do not give them good salaries. They consider these migrants as providers of cheap labor. Despite the low salaries and payment delays, the companies do not pay social security fees to cater for hospital and other social expenses. In particular, a survey conducted in 2003 indicated that only 14 percent of the rural migrant workers had health insurance. In addition, it was discovered that only 10 percent had secured a pension plan for retirement.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marginalization of Rural Migrant Workers in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, about 79 percent of the local urban residents had a health insurance cover an 91 percent were enjoying the pension plan. As such, it cannot be disputed that the employers are inconsiderate and bully when it comes to treating the employees. Second, education qualification and emphasis among the rural migrant workers are very low and poor. Xinhua News Agency indicated that the migrants’ children drop out at a rate of 9.5 every year. Besides, the agency discovered that those who go to school consistently are beyond the average school age. A percentage of 6.9 of the children’s population have never been admitted to any school during their period of stay in the urban area. The data concerning access to education for different residents is as shown in this table. The academic challenge is highly inherent to the Hukou system. The system allows the local children, who are registered in the urban areas, to study in public schools for 9 yea rs (Whyte 83). On the other hand, the rural urban migrants are needed to pay a fee ranging from three thousands to thirty thousands in order to study in government school. Essentially, however, most of the private schools available in these cities are cheaper than the public ones. Nonetheless, these privately owned schools do not provide proficient and quality education to the students. In most cases, they do not have well-qualified teachers or enough resources to facilitate learning. As a result, it becomes a double blow for the rural migrant workers. in response to this problem, the central government stipulated a policy which ordered the local schools to stop charging additional fees. While this policy was stipulated and released by the government, the local governments have remained reluctant to implement it.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the best examples in regard to this situation is the Baoshan District which is found in Shanghai. In terms of policy, the authorities in this district purports that the children will be admitted in public schools freely. However, it complicates the policy to an extent that the parents are practically unable to take their children to school. In particular, the authorities require parent to meet four different conditions in order to get their children admitted. These conditions are outline in this list. The parents must submit a certificate of temporary residence. The parent must provide a certificate of employment as a proof of the working status. This certificate is usually provided by the destination’s bureau of labor. They must then present a certificate of studentship from the area of origin. The parents must produce a valid document of identification which granted by the police department of the original area of residence. Obtaining these certificates might requir e the worker to make a fees ranging between two hundred and three hundred Yuan. The rural migrant workers are required to have a permanent location in the destination. They might seek to reside in the district for a period amounting to one year or more. Lastly, the workers are needed to have worked in the district for a continuous period of half a year (Young 76). Evidently, it is clear that this process is costly, involving, and tedious to undergo and complete successfully. In a study conducted by Xinhua News Agency, it was discovered that only twenty to thirty percent can afford to undertake the process successfully. It is, therefore, a clear indication that the local government of Baoshan is not willing to allow easy access to public schools. It puts obstacles in order to discourage the parents and students from pursuing their education for free. This is one of the critical issues that should be solved through the stipulation of considerate and far-reaching policies in order to ensure that all migrants access education. Besides the education and employment problems, the Hukou system presents a different residential problem to the rural migrant workers. In this regard, the Hukou system registers people in accordance to their original residence. As a result, the rural migrant workers are registered under the rural residence. This implies that they are not recognized as residences of the urban areas where they move to seek employment. The residents, who are registered under the urban areas, are entitles to buy houses at reduced prices. On the contrary, the rural urban migrants are not provided with the opportunity to buy the houses at the subsidized prices. The authorities argue that the responsibility to provide housing for the rural migrants lie with their respective government. In addition to this, the available houses in urban parts of China are not many in comparison to the population. Consequently, those apartments and houses that are available are char ged highly. In average, most of them are about 1000 Yuan per month. This is a very high price for the rural urban migrants who earn very low. As a result, they opt to live in the dormitories provided by the companies and employers. This is pathetic housing situation due to various reasons. First, living in common rooms is very undesirable since most of the migrants live with their families. Second, the employers do not make efforts to provide good sanitation and enough space because they understand that the employees do not have any other options. In other words, the employers are aware of the employees’ inability to get good houses in the cities. As such, they do not bother to improve the condition of the houses. Lastly, the high prices prevent the workers to have permanent house ownership despite the fact that they earn. Consequently, the rural migrant workers live in the cities for years, but they end up without housing. In fact, some of the people who are considered as ru ral migrants were born in the cities. Nonetheless, they cannot be integrated in the system because their parents were from the rural areas. Due to that rural-migrant status of their parents, they are also classified as rural migrant workers. Evidently, this is a very oppressive and inconsiderate housing system which exhibit lack of flexibility and retrogressive approach. Lastly, the rural immigrant workers are discriminated and despised by the local residences in the city. Indeed, it cannot be disputed that the local residents do not respect the workers in any material way. This is based on the fact that the housing system has classified the rural immigrants as non-local. Despite the rural immigrant workers playing a fundamentally vital role in the development and the progress of the urban areas, the local residents consider themselves superior. The media display the rural immigrants negatively based on their low literacy levels and poor living conditions. As such, the media does no t portray the god work which has been supported and tackled by the rural immigrants especially when it comes to the construction and building industry. Importantly, the local consider the rural immigrants as the major employment competitors. The local residents therefore put efforts to humiliate and intimidate them in order to make the living conditions difficult. In light of this intimidation, the local media and residents link the rural immigrants to vices such as social instabilities and the crimes. The worst perception that the local residents have created towards the rural migrants is related to the ignorant status of the migrants. The locals create an impression that the illiteracy among the rural immigrants is the sole driver of their misfortune. This is a false implication that the rural immigrants incur challenges which they have created for themselves. With this perception, the locals view the rural migrants as intruders who bring instability, crime and competition. These unfair perspectives increase oral disrespect, despise and calculated avoidance. Essentially, it is evident that the government and the public have substantially disregarded the usefulness of the migrants. Their dignity has been churned in terms of the social and financial aspects. Causes of the Problems Identified There are various reasons that cause the academic, social, and financial problems identified in paragraph 2.0. First, the major cause of these problems is the inflexibility of the housing system. The housing system has been linked and connected to all aspects of the migrants’ lives. It has an impact in the employment, residence, and education. In particular, the housing system does not easily accommodate migration of people from one area to another. As a result, the migrants are not recognized in the urban setting. In the housing system, they are considered and registered in their respective places of origin. This implies that the destinations’ local governme nts do not recognize them. When planning for the provision of services, the urban governments only consider those people who have been registered under the urban residence. On the other hand, they disregard the migrants because such people are registered under their respective rural areas. Disregarding the immigrants has therefore evoked other related problems including academic marginalization and employment biasness. In this case, the immigrants cannot access the public schools and quality education because they are charged extra fees. Although the national government has prevented the schools from charging more fees, the local governments do not enforce the regulation effectively. In a similar scenario, the same housing system leads to the marginalization of the immigrants when it comes to employment. The locals get better jobs while the immigrants are left to go for the physically-demanding jobs which are lowly paid. As such, the inflexible housing system is actually the major c hallenge when it comes to the issues of marginalization, lack of god employment conditions and poor housing. In case the government is intending to restore dignity for the migrants, it has to address the issue of the Hukou Housing System.  The second major cause of the problems identified in the previous paragraph is the deficiency of human rights orientation. Evidently, the local governments tend to prioritize development-oriented policies and disregard the promotion of human rights. This implies that the governments do not promote equal access to education for all people living in the country regardless of where they belong. If the authorities were willing to make changes in the system to accommodate the rural migrants, the problems would have been solved conclusively. However, the lack of this human rights ideological support contributes highly to the existence of these problems. The other cause of these problems is the deficient unity among the people of China. It is evident t hat the urban locals view their colleague citizens as competitors and instigators of crime in the cities. This leads to a situation whereby the citizens come from one country but they lead two different forms of lives. In particular, the migrants live in pathetic poverty while the locals enjoy developmental privileges that have been highly promoted by the efforts of the migrants. The media has also instigated these problems by portraying the migrants as illiterate, instigators of social instability and propagators of criminal acts in the cities. The negative media perspective has provided the moral authority for the locals to disrespect and despise the migrants. Possible Solution and Policy Proposition Essentially, it was evident that there are policies which have been stipulated to ensure equity in education and the financial system. However, these policies have not been implemented effectively by the local government. As a result, stipulating policies is not enough to discourage t he disregard and mistreatments directed towards the migrants. This implies that the urban setting must first change their attitude and mentality when dealing with the rural migrants. They should not treat them as competitors when it comes to employment. Instead, they should view and treat them as colleague citizens. They should remember that, although the migrants come from the rural areas, they belong to the same country. In addition, this should be understood by the local governments. Besides the ideological change of mindset, the local and central governments should learn to work together in order to confront this challenge. In paragraph 2.0, it was indicated evidently that the central government stipulates policies that are not implemented by the local governments effectively. A good example of this scenario is the Baoshan district which was found to put obstacles in the process of education access. When this is done, the players should come up with a policy that ensures the equ ity of citizens. In particular, the central and local governments should tailor a policy that enables the transfer of money from one area to another. As a result, when a person migrates from a rural area to an urban area, his or her funds are transferred to the destination government. As such, the migrants can easily access public services. Works Cited Bosker, Maarten. Relaxing Hukou with Increased Labor Mobility and China’s Economic Geography. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2010. Print. Huang, Xiaoming. The Institutional Dynamics of China’s Great Transformation. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon [England: Routledge, 2010. Print. Richardson, Sophie. Promises An Assessment of China’s National Human Rights Action Plan. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 2011. Print. Whyte, Martin King. One Country with Two Societies on Rural-urban Inequality in Contemporary China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2010. Print. Young, Jason. China’s Hukou System Markets, Migrants and Institutional Change. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Print. This term paper on Marginalization of Rural Migrant Workers in China was written and submitted by user Barbara Abbott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of Depression essays

History of Depression essays HISTORY OF DEPRESSION: Depressive illness has been known since biblical times. The word depression comes from the Latin word deprimere (to press down). Thus it means feeling pressed down, sad or low. In the late Middle Ages, religious leaders believed depression was caused by posession of evil spirits. The German religious reformer Martin Luther wrote All heaviness of the mind and melancholy comes of the Devil. Through the years depression has been treated with such remedies as whipping, bloodletting, exorcism and soothing baths. By the 1960s, antidepressant medications were discovered that relieved depression by correcting chemical imbalances in the brain and because of that many scientists started to believe that depression was caused by neurochemical imbalances rather than psychological traumas. It has never been proven what really causes depression, the modern belief is in the combination of both causes. Until 1980s, psychiatrists did not believe that children and teenagers could suffer from depression. They thought that true depression can not exist before person develops idealized self-image (called the supergo), but tests and surveys have shown otherwise, that also strengthens the chemical theory DEPRESSED OR JUST FEELING SAD? It is very important to distinguish depression from normal state of feeling sad. Sad mood can be instantly relieved by something good or exciting happening while a truly depressed person could be given a free car of his/her choice and still feel sad. As you read above, depression means long and hopeless sadness. If depression grows untreated, sufferers feel more and more hopeless and helpless, they feel as there's no one or nothing that can help them to be happy again, they believe that things will only get worse, never better. In some really severe cases depressants find that any ordinary activity such as getting out of bed, eating or even talking requires enormous energy. Eventually, these individuals ha...

Saudi anti cybercrime law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Saudi anti cybercrime law - Essay Example which is equipped with a system to process, store, transmit, receive or browse data and perform specific functions according to programs and commands. Article 3: Any person who commits one of the following cyber crimes shall be subject to imprisonment, for a period not exceeding one year and a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand riyals or to either punishment: Article 4: Any person who commits one of the following cyber crimes shall be subject to imprisonment, for a period not exceeding three years and a fine not exceeding two million riyals, or to either punishment: Article 5: Any person who commits one of the following cyber crimes shall be subject to imprisonment, for a period not exceeding four years and a fine not exceeding three million riyals or to either punishment: Article 6: Any person who commits one of the following cyber crimes shall be subject to imprisonment, for a period not exceeding five years and a fine not exceeding three million riyals or to either punishment: Article 7: Any person who commits one of the following cyber crimes shall be subject to imprisonment, for a period not exceeding ten years, and a fine not exceeding five million riyals or to either punishment: 1. The construction or publicizing of a web site on the information network or on a computer for terrorist organizations to facilitate communication with leaders or members of such organizations, finance them, promote their ideologies, and publicize methods of making incendiary devices or explosives, or any other means used in terrorist activities. 2. Unlawful access to a web site or an information system directly, or through the information network or any computer with the intention of obtaining data jeopardizing the internal or external security of the State or its national economy. Article 9: Any person who incites, assists or collaborates with others to commit any of the crimes stipulated in this law shall be subject to a punishment, not exceeding the maximum